The Increase in Violence in Ecuador: Analysis of Socioeconomic Variables and their Relationship with the Homicide Rate

Abstract

This article examines the phenomenon of increased violence and homicides in Ecuador, researching various social, economic and criminological variables that could be related to this worrying trend. The evolution of the homicide rate is examined from 1980 to 2022, highlighting its constant increase until 2009, followed by a significant decrease until 2018 and a rebound starting in 2019. A correlational approach is used to analyze data and establish relationships between variables. Secondary sources of information, such as statistical reports and previous studies, are used to collect relevant data on homicides, poverty, state presence, drug seizures and the labor market. The results reveal relationships between the evolution of the homicide rate in Ecuador and the independent variables. Correlations are found between the homicide rate and variables such as poverty, the education budget, state presence, unemployment and informality. These correlations indicate possible factors influencing the increase in violence. The complexity of the phenomenon of violence is highlighted and the need to address it from a comprehensive perspective is underlined. Although a single cause for the increase in violence cannot be determined, elements such as poverty, labor informality and the presence of organized crime are identified as factors that could contribute to this problem. The importance of implementing public policies that strengthen citizen security, promote social equity and encourage crime prevention is emphasized.